日本歧視形態的轉變： 仇恨言論的興起、網路中的排外風潮、以及人權教育面臨的挑戰

作者：阿久澤麻理子（大阪市立大學創新城市研究所教授、亞太人權資訊中心副主任）

摘要：

在日本，由於仇恨團體以及網路上排外風潮的興起，針對少數族群的歧視在形 態上出現轉變。這些新興團體有一個明顯的特徵，即三十多歲、四十歲出頭， 所謂「失落的一代」，在其中極為活躍。其種族主義的根源，來自於強烈的「反 向性被害意識」（inverted victimhood）。他們認為，自身權利受到剝奪，起因 於少數族群獲得了不應該擁有的特權。他們透過網際網路將觀點散佈給廣大民 眾，藉以撫平自身的受害意識。如果學校不作有效的介入，年青的一代十分容 易受到這些種族言論――尤其透過網路散佈――的影響。教育工作者有必要借助人權教育，來處理這類新形態的種族主義。

關鍵字

反歧視教育、人權教育、仇恨語言、網路上的排外風潮、種族主義、少數族群、 反向性被害意識

Changing Patterns of Discrimination in Japan: Rise of Hate Speech and Exclusivism on the Internet, and the Challenges to Human Rights Education

Author：Mariko Akuzawa （Professor,Graduate School for Creative Cities, Osaka City University Deputy Director, Asia-Pacific Human Rights Information Center）

Abstract：

Patterns of discrimination against the minorities have been changing in Japan owing to the rise of hate speech groups and online exclusivism. One distinguished feature among the new groups is the active involvement of the “lost generation”, who are in their 30’s and early 40’s. Their racist belief is based on the strong sense of “inverted victimhood”, claiming that minorities are wrongfully enjoying privileges, and therefore, depriving their rights. The internet provides them with the power to disseminate their ideas to millions, which in turn compensates for their sense of being victimized. The younger generation are susceptible to their racist discourse, especially on the internet, unless there is effective intervention in Japanese schools. Educators are tasked to address the new forms of racism through human rights education.

Keywords

anti-discrimination education, human rights education, hate speech, exclusivism on the internet, racism, minorities, inverted victimhood.

全文下載