台灣公民教育的轉變歷程：民主化與全球化的挑戰（I）
作者：湯梅英（台北市立大學教育系教授兼人權中心主任）
摘要：
誰是公民？如何透過教育培養公民？以培育公民為主的公民教育應有哪些內涵？不同的歷史、文化、社會脈絡固然會發展出公民教育的獨特樣貌，但是，隨著國家之間的緊密關聯，地域疆界的日益模糊，特定的公民教育如何回應全球化的挑戰？這些議題無法抽離國家社會發展的歷史脈絡，更無法迴避潛藏其中的國家認同、政治權力和族群文化等意識形態的競逐。
本研究重點在於探討台灣公民教育的轉變歷程，藉由台灣特殊的歷史社會脈絡，討論在國家認同、政治權力、本土化與全球化等不同勢力競逐下，如何透過學校教育形塑、建構「公民」的歷程。本文回顧台灣在日本殖民（1895-1945）、戰後（1945-1949）、國民黨威權統治（1949-1987）、民主轉型（1987-1996）以及民主深化期（1996-迄今）等不同歷史階段，學校實施公民教育的內涵與轉變，藉此分析台灣社會在殖民主義、國家主義、民主化、本土化與全球化等不同脈絡下，對於塑造「公民」的概念，建構公民意識以及公民教育內涵的轉變。
關鍵字
公民教育、國家認同、民主化、全球化
The Transformation of Citizenship Education in Taiwan：Challenges of Democratization and Globalization (I)
Author：Mei-ying Tang (Professor, Department of Education, University of Taipei)
Abstract：
Despite its recent emergence or re-emergence in curricula around the world, ‘citizenship’ and therefore ‘citizenship education’ remain contested concepts. Each country or region, accordingly, may construct particular conceptions of citizenship and citizenship education. Therefore, it is often conceived around broad interpretations of citizenship based on historical changes in political, economic, social and cultural contexts.
The main concern of this paper is to explore how citizenship education and citizenship are related politically, and how national identity can be shaped and reshaped in a changing society with the tensions of nationalization, localization and globalization. This paper briefly reviews the transformation of citizenship education in Taiwan. By tracing the history from Japanese colonization (1895-1945), post WWII (1945-1949), KMT authoritarianism (1949-1987), a transitional period (1987-1996), up to the current period (1996- ), this paper examines the values and ideologies, such as colonization and nationalism, implied in the courses in civic, moral education and social studies. It illustrates that the transformation of citizenship education reflects the challenges of democratization and tensions of nationalism,
Keywords
citizenship,education,national identity, democratization, globalization